Question a-circ
A circle has center , and points and lie on the circle. Line segments and are tangent to the circle at points and , respectively. If the radius of the circle is millimeters and the perimeter of quadrilateral is millimeters, what is the distance, in millimeters, between points and ?
A circle has center G , and points M and N lie on the circle. Line
Hard-difficulty · SAT Math · Circles — Tangent properties. Read the question above, select your answer, and check the full explanation below to understand exactly why the correct choice works.
Answer explanation
Choice D is correct. It's given that the radius of the circle is millimeters. Since points and both lie on the circle, segments and are both radii. Therefore, segments and each have length millimeters. Two segments that are tangent to a circle and have a common exterior endpoint have equal length. Therefore, segment and segment have equal length. Let represent the length of segment . Then also represents the length of segment . It's given that the perimeter of quadrilateral is millimeters. Since the perimeter of a quadrilateral is equal to the sum of the lengths of the sides of the quadrilateral, , or . Subtracting from both sides of this equation yields , and dividing both sides of this equation by yields . Therefore, the length of segment is millimeters. A line segment that's tangent to a circle is perpendicular to the radius of the circle at the point of tangency. Therefore, segment is perpendicular to segment . Since perpendicular segments form right angles, angle is a right angle. Therefore, triangle is a right triangle with legs of length millimeters and millimeters, and hypotenuse . By the Pythagorean theorem, if a right triangle has a hypotenuse with length and legs with lengths and , then . Substituting for and for in this equation yields , or . Taking the square root of both sides of this equation yields . Since represents a length, which must be positive, the value of is . Therefore, the length of segment is millimeters, so the distance between points and is millimeters.
Choice A is incorrect. This is the distance between points and and between points and , not the distance between points and .
Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.
Choice C is incorrect. This is the distance between points and and between points and , not the distance between points and .
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